男畜大脑萎缩速度比女性更快、萎缩区域更多

正文翻译：

一项新研究发现，随着年龄增长，男性大脑萎缩的速度比女性更快。

奥斯陆大学的研究人员分析了近4700名年龄在17岁至95岁之间的健康人的12600多张核磁共振扫描图。他们发现，男性大脑体积萎缩的速度更快，且萎缩区域更多——尤其是在与记忆、触觉和视觉相关的区域。例如，男性大脑中负责处理触觉的区域每年萎缩约0.2%，而女性则为0.12%。大脑变化在人的一生中缓慢发生，但在60岁以后会明显加速。

即使考虑了头部大小、教育程度和预期寿命等因素，结果仍然相同——男性大脑衰老速度更快。这一发现令许多科学家感到惊讶，因为女性患阿尔茨海默病的可能性几乎是男性的两倍。该研究表明，女性阿尔茨海默病发病率较高并非由于大脑衰老速度更快所致。相反，其他因素也可能发挥作用，例如更年期后的激素变化、APOE ε4基因等遗传差异，或者仅仅是因为女性往往寿命更长。

研究​​人员还发现，APOE ε4基因对女性的影响可能有所不同，可能使她们更容易受到大脑中毒性蛋白质积累的影响。这些被称为tau蛋白的蛋白质通常有助于脑细胞发挥功能，但在阿尔茨海默病中，它们会缠结在一起，阻碍神经元之间的通讯，最终导致细胞死亡。

来源：Ravndal, Anne, et al. (2025). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2510486122

原文：

A new study has found that men’s brains shrink faster than women’s as they age.

Researchers from the University of Oslo analyzed more than 12,600 MRI scans from nearly 4,700 healthy people between the ages of 17 and 95. They discovered that men lose brain volume more quickly and in more areas than women — especially in regions linked to memory, touch, and vision. For instance, one area that helps process touch shrank by about 0.2% per year in men, compared to 0.12% in women. The brain changes happen slowly throughout life but speed up noticeably after age 60.

Even after accounting for factors like head size, education, and life expectancy, the results remained the same — men’s brains age faster. This finding surprised many scientists because women are almost twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease. The study suggests that women’s higher Alzheimer’s rates are not due to faster brain aging. Instead, other factors may play a role, such as hormonal changes after menopause, genetic differences like the APOE ε4 gene, or simply the fact that women tend to live longer.

Researchers also found that the APOE ε4 gene might affect women differently, possibly making them more sensitive to toxic protein buildup in the brain. These proteins, called tau, normally help brain cells function, but in Alzheimer’s disease they become tangled and block communication between neurons — eventually leading to cell death.

Source: Ravndal, Anne, et al. (2025). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

以及女性易罹患阿尔茨海默症的其中一原因是频繁操持家务，另一个可能原因是女性更长寿，相对短命.患病体现几率高。

附图如下，大意：清洁过程中长期使用并吸入消蠹剂、空气清新剂、杀虫剂易等挥发性气体清洁剂可能对神经系统造成影响，尤其是含氯/铵盐化合物的产品。